Researchers at University College Dublin (UCD) have developed a robotic model of the human esophagus that can accurately simulate the mechanics of swallowing. The system, dubbed RoboGullet, could significantly improve research, diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia. This is a condition affecting an estimated 20% of the global population and up to half of people over 60.
The technology, described in Nature Communications, was developed by UCD’s CÚRAM research centre in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Medical School. According to the researchers, it is the first benchtop system capable of replicating both the physical structure and functional behavior of the esophagus.
Simulating complex muscle coordination
Swallowing is a complex process that depends on the coordinated activity of two distinct muscle layers in the esophagus. Existing laboratory models have struggled to reproduce this interaction, limiting research into motility disorders such as achalasia.
RoboGullet addresses this challenge using soft robotics to independently control both muscle layers. This allows the system to simulate not only normal swallowing, but also a range of disease states. As a result, researchers can study how disruptions in muscle coordination affect swallowing function in a controlled environment.
The model has demonstrated potential across several clinically relevant applications. These include testing esophageal stents, commonly used in patients with cancer, and evaluating how different food consistencies influence swallowing and diagnostic outcomes.
In addition, a biohybrid version of RoboGullet incorporates real biological tissue to better replicate the friction and mechanical properties of the human esophagus. This further enhances the realism of the simulations and supports more accurate testing.
Bridging the gap between lab and clinic
According to the research team, RoboGullet represents a significant step forward in translational research. By providing a controllable and repeatable platform, the model bridges the gap between simplified laboratory systems and the complexity of real-world clinical conditions.
The researchers suggest that the technology could accelerate the development of new treatments and medical devices, while also supporting more precise diagnostics and personalised care strategies. For example, it may help clinicians better understand how individual patients respond to different dietary interventions.
With its ability to simulate both healthy and diseased states, RoboGullet could become a valuable tool in advancing care for patients with swallowing disorders and improving outcomes in gastroenterology.
