Although modern prostheses look and function increasingly realistically, actual usage lags behind. Many amputees report that they do not use their body-powered prostheses sufficiently due to a lack of motivation or knowledge. It is striking that, in the development of prostheses, much attention is paid to comfort and functionality, but considerably less to effective training and guidance.
Researchers see an opportunity for innovation precisely in this area. Gamification and digital technologies, such as augmented reality (AR), can play a significant role in improving adherence to therapy and the user experience. By making training more interactive and engaging, the barrier to practising with a prosthesis can be significantly lowered.
Augmented reality increases engagement
A recent feasibility study led by Susan D'Andrea of the University of Rhode Island College of Health Sciences investigated how AR can contribute to prosthetic training. The results were published in PLOS One. The study involved 32 healthy participants who used a bypass prosthesis to perform functional tasks. The focus was on upper limbs, as it is precisely this group of users who relatively often reject their prostheses.
The participants were divided into two groups: an AR intervention group and a control group. The AR group trained using a specially developed serious game, in which participants had to manipulate holographic objects via a headset. The control group received no additional training.
The results were clear: participants who trained with AR performed tasks more efficiently and reported higher levels of engagement, immersion and motivation. This underscores the potential of interactive technology to make rehabilitation more effective.
Flexible and scalable training tool
According to D’Andrea, the strength of AR lies primarily in its flexibility. Training programmes can be easily adapted to the user’s level and needs. Moreover, the technology makes it possible to practise outside the clinical setting, which increases accessibility.
An additional advantage of AR over virtual reality is safety. Users retain awareness of their physical surroundings, which reduces the risk of accidents. This makes AR particularly suitable for use in home settings and daily rehabilitation. Although the implementation of AR in healthcare has so far been hampered by costs, this appears to be changing. The price of AR headsets is falling steadily, bringing wider-scale application within reach.
Augmented reality is expected to develop into a valuable tool within rehabilitation medicine. Not only for prosthetic training, but also for other forms of motor recovery, this technology can contribute to better outcomes and more patient-centred care. With the combination of technology, personalisation and ease of use, AR appears to be a promising step towards more effective and appealing rehabilitation.
Smart prosthetics
Last year, researchers at the University of Michigan showed that a new generation of robotic knee prostheses can significantly improve mobility for amputees. Using the commercially available Power Knee with an enhanced control algorithm, users achieved a more natural gait, reduced risk of tripping, and less strain on healthy joints.
While passive prostheses remain popular due to their simplicity and reliability, they often fall short in activities such as climbing stairs or standing up. The study, led by Robert Gregg and published in the Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, found that even limited training with robotic knees led to clear functional improvements. The key innovation lies in an AI-driven algorithm that continuously adapts to the user’s movements in real time, enabling smoother, more responsive motion compared to traditional pattern-based control systems.
