Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have developed an innovative fibre probe capable of simultaneously measuring three key biomarkers: glucose, lactate and ethanol. The technology enables real-time monitoring with minimal invasiveness and has a diameter of just 1.1 millimetres. This makes it one of the smallest sensors of its kind.
According to researcher Tanya Hutter, lead author of the study published in Nature Communications, the probe provides a more complete picture of patients’ metabolic status. This is particularly relevant in critical care situations, where rapid decision-making is essential.
Three biomarkers, one comprehensive picture
The combination of glucose, lactate and ethanol measurements in a single device is unique. Glucose is crucial for diabetes management, whilst lactate can be an indicator of sepsis or tissue hypoxia. Ethanol measurements play a role in alcohol intoxication and addiction care.
Together, these biomarkers provide insight into energy expenditure, physical performance and physiological stress. Continuous monitoring can therefore contribute to early diagnosis, personalised treatment and even preventive healthcare. Traditionally, these values are measured separately using different techniques, which can be time-consuming and burdensome for the patient.
Alternative to microdialysis
A commonly used method for measuring biomarkers in the body is microdialysis. This involves collecting fluid from tissue for later analysis. This process is labour-intensive and produces delayed results.
The new fibre probe measures directly within the tissue and provides continuous feedback. This can make a significant difference, particularly in intensive care units. In cases of traumatic brain injury, for example, doctors need to be able to respond quickly to changes in brain chemistry. “In intensive care, every second counts,” says Hutter. “Rapid access to reliable data can make all the difference in treatment.”
The probe uses mid-infrared light and is connected to a quantum cascade laser. Molecules in the tissue absorb light at specific wavelengths, creating a unique ‘spectral signature’. Based on this, the concentration of substances can be determined.
The structure consists of optical fibres within a protective tube, surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane. This prevents direct contact with the tissue and enhances biocompatibility. Furthermore, the local environment remains intact, which, according to co-researcher Tse-Ang Lee, ensures more accurate measurements.
From hospital to wearable
Although the technology was initially developed for clinical use, the researchers also see opportunities for applications outside the hospital. Think of wearable sensors for personal health monitoring or sports performance.
The research builds on years of development, dating back to Hutter’s PhD research at the University of Cambridge. A patent application has now been filed and industrial partners are being sought to further develop the technology.
With this innovation, medical technology is taking a step towards faster, more accurate and less intrusive monitoring. For both healthcare professionals and patients, this can lead to better-informed decisions and, ultimately, better healthcare outcomes.
Last month, researchers at the California Institute of Technology developed an advanced smart mask capable of continuously monitoring biomarkers in exhaled breath for several days. Powered by an integrated solar cell, the wearable device enables non-invasive tracking of respiratory and metabolic health.
